9(Z),11(E),13(E)-Octadecatrienoic Acid ethyl ester (α-ESA) is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid commonly found in plant seed oil. This fatty acid accounts for about 60% of the total fatty acid composition of bitter gourd seed oil and about 70% in tung oil. α-ESA is metabolized and converted to conjugated linoleic acid (9Z,11E-CLA) in rats. It has shown potential as a tumor growth suppressor. In colon cancer Caco-2 cells, α-ESA induced apoptosis through up-regulation of GADD45, p53, and PPARγ. In DLD-1 cells supplemented with α-ESA, apoptosis was induced via lipid peroxidation with an EC50 of 20 μM. It also inhibits DNA polymerases and topoisomerases with IC50s ranging from ~5-20 μM for different isoforms of the enzymes. α-ESA ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipid soluble form of the free acid.

QM385 is a potent inhibitor of sepiapterin reductase (SPR)(IC50 of 1.49 nM).

1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol (1,2-OP) is a diacylglycerol containing oleic acid at the sn-1 position and palmitic acid at the sn-2 position. It enhances the inhibition of superoxide anion production by cytochalasin B when used at a concentration of 10 μM. The concentration of 1,2-OP decreases from 25.7 to 11.15% during the dry-curing process of Iberian ham.

α-Glucosylrutin 是一种具备清除自由基活性的有效抗氧化剂。由于其在表皮生物利用度较高，常用于研究皮肤衰老。

Tetrahydroxyquinone monohydrate (Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone monohydrate)，为一种抗白内障药物，属于具氧化还原活性的苯醌类化合物。此化合物能通过与半醌自由基共同参与氧化还原循环过程中，促进活性氧 (ROS) 的生成。

Octaethylporphyrin is a stable porphyrin compound used for research.

Ecabet sodium (TA-2711) is a chemical compound utilized for the clinical treatment of gastrointestinal disease through the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and enhancement of Helicobacter pylori eradication [1]. Moreover, Ecabet sodium effectively attenuates apoptosis [2].

4-hydroxy Nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, that is widely used as a marker of oxidative stress. 4-HNE exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity. 4-hydroperoxy 2-Nonenal is the immediate precursor of 4-HNE formed from the cleavage of ω-6 hydroperoxides. Analogous reactions are expected to occur with hydroperoxides from other ω-6 fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid.

Cobalt protoporphyrin IX 作为一种特异性的血红素加氧酶-1 (HO-1) 诱导剂，表现出对甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 的广谱抗病毒活性。