(−)-Rugulosin 是真菌代谢产物，具有口服活性，能够作为抗流感剂。

Malate dehydrogenase 催化草酰乙酸盐和苹果酸盐的相互转化，与二核苷酸辅酶的氧化/还原相关。

N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and N-Arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S), among various arachidonoyl amino acids, have been extracted from bovine brain, while a novel series of fatty acyl amides of taurine were unearthed in rat brain through mass spectral lipidomic analysis, indicating the discovery of a new class of compounds also located in the kidney. These compounds are known to activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels. Notably, N-Stearoyl taurine emerges as a significant amino-acyl endocannabinoid identified in rat brain lipidomics profiling.

GDP-D-mannose disodium 包含 GDP-α-D-mannose 和 GDP-β-D-mannose两种组分。其中 GDP-α-D-mannose可作为甘露糖基转移酶的供体底物，同时也是 GDP-β-L - 岩藻糖的合成前体。GDP-α-D-mannose对 GTP 表现出竞争性抑制作用，Ki 值为 14.7 μM；对mannose-1-P则呈非竞争性抑制，Ki 值为 115 μM 。

trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-Decenal 是一种存在于哺乳动物血液中的含氧 α,β- 不饱和醛类物质，可赋予血液标志性的金属气味，捕食者常借助该化合物追踪血液来源或定位猎物。

D-Lysine monohydrochloride作为赖氨酸的立体异构体，可作为表面活性剂的组成成分加以应用。

N-(3-Oxooctanoyl)-DL-homoserine lactone是革兰氏阴性菌合成的一种N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯（AHL），其对植物根系生长的调控活性具有立体结构依赖性。

Linoleyl carnitine 是一种酰基肉碱，可用于研究成纤维细胞中长链 3-羟酰基辅酶 A 脱氢酶缺乏症和脂肪酸氧化障碍。

Cyclo(his-pro) TFA, an orally active cyclic dipeptide structurally related to tyreotropin-releasing hormone, has shown inhibitory effects on NF-κB nuclear accumulation. Additionally, it possesses the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and impact various inflammatory and stress responses [1, 2].