Creatinine-13C是一种 13C 标记的 Creatinine。Creatinine (NSC13123)是肌肉中磷酸肌酸的分解产物。

L-Tyrosine-4-13C是一种 13C 标记的 L-Tyrosine (T0493)。L-Tyrosine 属于非必需氨基酸，可抑制后部皮层中柠檬酸合成酶的活性。

L-Tryptophan-15N2是标记有15N的L-Tryptophan (T0439)。L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan)是一种必需氨基酸，并且是血清素、褪黑素和维生素B3的前体。

Anserine-D4是Anserine (T22243)的氘代物。Anserine是Carnosine的甲基化形式，这是一种口服有效的天然组氨酸二肽，存在于脊椎动物的骨骼肌中，不会被血清肌肽酶降解。作为生化缓冲液、螯合剂、抗氧化剂和抗糖化剂，Anserine能够改善阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD）模型小鼠的记忆功能。

5α-Androst-16-en-3-one, a mammalian pheromone present in boar saliva, plays a crucial role in facilitating social and sexual interactions by acting as a volatile chemical cue. It is utilized to prime sows in estrus for mating or artificial insemination, underscoring its significance in reproductive behavior. Additionally, this compound is detected in human sweat and urine, where it is involved in studies concerning receptor-mediated odorant detection and the genetic foundations of anosmias, thereby broadening its scope of relevance beyond the animal kingdom.

Palmitoleic acid, an ω-7 monounsaturated fatty acid found in macadamia and sea buckthorn oils, enhances both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as Glut4 protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at a 200 µM concentration. Ex vivo, at a dosage of 300 mg/kg per day, it significantly increases glucose uptake and both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, while decreasing de novo fatty acid synthesis and the activity of lipogenic enzymes, specifically ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), in isolated murine adipocytes. Furthermore, the dietary administration of palmitoleic acid at 300 mg/kg mitigates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and liver inflammation in mice.