ML252是一种钾离子通道(potassium channel)的选择性抑制剂，主要针对KCNQ2 (Kv7.2，IC50=69 nM)。同时，ML252对细胞色素Cytochrome P450也有抑制作用，其IC50值分别为CYP1A2为6.1 nM、CYP2C9为18.9 nM、CYP3A4为3.9 nM、CYP2D6为19.9 nM。

22-HDHA is an oxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid . In vitro, it is formed upon incubation of rat liver microsomes with DHA and NADPH and also by the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP4F3B in BTI-TN-5B1-4 microsomes. Serum levels of 22-HDHA increase following dietary DHA supplementation in humans.

(R)-Omeprazole is the inactive isomer of omeprazole , a gastric proton-pump inhibitor. A stereoselective hydroxylation of (R)-omeprazole is mediated primarily by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19, whereas CYP3A4 favors sulfoxidation of the active (S)-enantiomer . (R)-Omeprazole has been shown to act as a reversible direct-acting and metabolism-dependent inhibitor of CYP2C19 in pooled human liver microsomes (IC50 = 8.1 μM).

Senkirkin is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid with hepatotoxicity.

Dibenzylfluorescein（DBF）是一款荧光探针，作为细胞色素P450（CYP）亚型，包括CYP3A4、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP19的特异性底物，常在Km值0.87-1.9 µM（Ex=485nm，Em=535nm）范围内应用。该探针主要用于监测药物或疾病导致的CYP催化活性变化。

Ethyl-D5 Vanillin是Ethyl Vanillin (T0491)的氘代化合物。Ethyl Vanillin的CAS号为121-32-4。Ethyl vanillin是一种食用香料，效果是Vanillin 的三倍，可用于巧克力的生产。

Diosmetin-D3是Diosmetin (T1704)的氘代化合物。Diosmetin的CAS号为520-34-3。Diosmetin是一种天然类黄酮，能够抑制人CYP1A酶活性，在HepG2细胞的IC50值为40 μM。

BI 689648 is a highly selective inhibitor of aldosterone synthase(CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 with IC50s of 310 and 2.1 nM, respectively).

6'7'-Epoxybergamottin is a furanocoumarin found in grapefruit. It is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A4 with an IC50 value of 0.30 ppm in a cell-free assay, 0.33 μM in HL7 human liver cells, and 0.22 μM in S9 human intestine cells. It has been studied in the context of drug interactions with grapefruit constituents. It is found in grapefruit juice at concentrations of 0.1-7.4 μM and inhibits the transport of talinolol , a permeability glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) transporter substrate, across Caco-2 cell monolayers (IC50 = 0.7 μM). 6'7'-Epoxybergamottin also has insecticidal properties with a concentration of 5 μg/cm2 leading to 100% mortality of adult olive fruit flies.