L-Sepiapterin属于苯丙氨酸羟化酶激活剂，同时也是内皮型一氧化氮合酶辅因子四氢生物蝶呤的合成前体。L-Sepiapterin能够改善db/db小鼠肠系膜小动脉的内皮功能障碍，并且可诱导血管生成进程；与此同时，L-Sepiapterin还能通过下调p70S6K依赖性的VEGFR-2表达，进而抑制卵巢癌细胞的增殖与迁移行为。基于上述生物学活性，L-Sepiapterin可应用于高苯丙氨酸血症的相关机制研究。

Citrulline malate是一种常用作营养补充剂的有机化合物。Citrulline malate可促进体内一氧化氮生成，改善血液循环与运动能力，同时缓解肌肉疲劳。除此之外，Citrulline malate还在工业领域有所应用，例如在农业生产中用于提升植物的自身免疫力。

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 是一种转氨酶，常用于生化研究。Aspartate aminotransferase 催化天冬氨酸和 α-酮戊二酸转化为草酰乙酸和谷氨酸。Aspartate aminotransferase 可存在于在脑脊液、渗出液和渗出物。

(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an important interorgan metabolite.

Atrazine mercapturate is a major, glutathione-derived metabolite of atrazine , an herbicide that is effective in controlling a broad range of weeds. Atrazine has been reported to cause cancer in certain laboratory animals, have diverse effects on the reproductive system in animals and humans, and disrupt the normal function of the endocrine system. Atrazine mercapturate is readily measured in urine samples.